Independent and combined associations of urinary arsenic exposure and serum sex steroid hormones among 6-19-year old children and adolescents in NHANES 2013–2016

性激素结合球蛋白 激素 生理学 全国健康与营养检查调查 性类固醇 睾酮(贴片) 医学 雄激素 代谢物 类固醇 内科学 内分泌学 环境卫生 化学 人口 有机化学
作者
Yuanli Zhang,Hengrui Xing,Zeyu Hu,Wanjing Xu,Yanling Tang,Jingjing Zhang,Qiang Niu
出处
期刊:Science of The Total Environment [Elsevier]
卷期号:863: 160883-160883 被引量:11
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160883
摘要

Arsenic exposure may disrupt sex steroid hormones, causing endocrine disruption. However, human evidence is limited and inconsistent, especially for children and adolescents. To evaluate the independent and combined associations between arsenic exposure and serum sex steroid hormones in children and adolescents, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 1063 participants aged 6 to 19 years from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three urine arsenic metabolites were examined, as well as three serum sex steroid hormones, estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) and the free androgen index (FAI) generated by TT/SHBG were also assessed. Linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to evaluate the associations of individual or arsenic metabolite combinations with sex steroid hormones by gender and age stratification. Positive associations were found between total arsenic and arsenic metabolites with TT, E2, and FAI. In contrast, negative associations were found between arsenic metabolites and SHBG. Furthermore, there was an interaction after gender-age stratification between DMA and SHBG in female adolescents. Notably, based on the WQS and BKMR model results, the combined association of arsenic and its metabolites was positively associated with TT, E2, and FAI and negatively associated with SHBG. Moreover, DMA and MMA dominated the highest weights among the arsenic metabolites. Overall, our results indicate that exposure to arsenic, either alone or in mixtures, may alter sex steroid hormone levels in children and adolescents.
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