Analysis of factors influencing bronchiectasis patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and development of a nomogram prediction model

Background To identify the risk factors for bronchiectasis patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) and to develop a predictive nomogram model for estimating the risk of APTB in bronchiectasis patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 16,750 bronchiectasis patients hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between January 2019 and December 2023. The 390 patients with APTB were classified as the case group, while 818 patients were randomly sampled by computer at a 1:20 ratio from the 16,360 patients with other infections to serve as the control group. Relevant indicators potentially leading to APTB in bronchiectasis patients were collected. Patients were categorized into APTB and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (IPTB) groups based on the presence of tuberculosis. The general characteristics of both groups were compared. Variables were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model was established based on the analysis results. The model’s predictive performance was evaluated using calibration curves, C-index, and ROC curves, and internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method. Results LASSO analysis identified 28 potential risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that age, gender, TC, ALB, MCV, FIB, PDW, LYM, hemoptysis, and hypertension are independent risk factors for bronchiectasis patients with APTB ( p < 0.05). The nomogram demonstrated strong calibration and discrimination, with a C-index of 0.745 (95% CI: 0.715–0.775) and an AUC of 0.744 for the ROC curve. Internal validation using the bootstrap method produced a C-index of 0.738, further confirming the model’s robustness. Conclusion The nomogram model, developed using common clinical serological characteristics, holds significant clinical value for assessing the risk of APTB in bronchiectasis patients.