Nafion based biosensors: a review of recent advances and applications

Nafion is a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer that has been widely used as a membrane material for various applications, such as fuel cells, batteries, and sensors. Nafion has some unique properties that make it suitable for biosensing, such as high ionic conductivity, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and perm selectivity. Nafion can also act as an immobilization matrix for enzymes, antibodies, DNA molecules, and other biomolecules, enhancing their stability and activity on the electrode surface. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and applications of nafion based biosensors for the detection of various analytes, such as glucose, lactate, hydrogen peroxide, DNA, urea, and dopamin. We also discuss the incorporation of nanoparticles into nafion based biosensors, as they can form synergistic interactions that can improve the biocompatibility, stability, selectivity, and sensitivity of the biosensor. We highlight the different transduction methods employed by nafion based biosensors, such as electrochemical, electro chemiluminescence, or electrical impedance. Finally, we outline the challenges and opportunities for future research on nafion based biosensors.