Kyrieleis plaques: recognising a rare presentation of ocular inflammation

Kyrieleis plaques are described in literature as calcific-appearing segmented inflammatory deposits along retinal arterial branches. (1) This clinical finding is most commonly unilateral and typically adjacent to an area of active retinal infection or inflammation. (2) The plaques do not appear to be intraluminal or extravasal, but rather within the vessel walls. (3) Considered to be a dishonourable eponym, this rare clinical entity is often also documented as segmental retinal periarteritis. Kyrieleis plaques are a diagnosis of exclusion and should be differentiated from other presentations of retinal vessel damage including emboli, artery sheathing, sclerosis, and periphlebitis all of which may warrant prompt referral or comanagement.