Influence of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on the Development of Sarcopenia in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

The changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients suffering from prostate cancer (PCa) are recognized by professionals more often as biomarker for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ADT on the sarcopenia development in PCa. The following databases were used: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Out of 2183 studies, 7 were included in this review. The fixed-effect model was used in the meta-analysis. A significant increase in SATI (Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Index) of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13–0.51) p = 0.001, decrease in SMI (Skeletal Muscle Index) of −0.38 (95% CI: −0.57 to −0.19) p < 0.0001, and SMD (Skeletal Muscle Density) of −0.46 (95% CI: −0.69 to −0.24) p < 0.0001 were observed. No statistical association was visible between ADT and changes in BMI (Body Mass Index), 0.05 (95% CI: −0.18–0.28), p = 0.686, and VATI (Visceral Adipose Tissue Index): 0.17 (95% CI: −0.02 to 0.37), p = 0.074. In conclusion, the ADT significantly contributes to the body composition changes and sarcopenia development.