Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments

Background: Taurine (TAU) and caffeine (CAF), as common ergogenic aids, are known to affect exercise performance; however, the effects of their combined supplementation, particularly in high temperature and humidity environments, have not been studied. Hypothesis: The combination of TAU and CAF will have a greater effect on endurance cycle performance and improve changes in physiological indicators during exercise compared with TAU or CAF supplementation alone and placebo. Study Design: Single-blind crossover randomized controlled study. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: Twelve university students majoring in physical education volunteered to receive 4 different supplement ingestions: (1) placebo (maltodextrin), (2) TAU, (3) CAF, (4) TAU + CAF. After a 7-day washout period, participants completed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity). Results: All experimental groups improved TTE compared with the placebo group. Peak and mean power of countermovement jump were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with the placebo group before the exhaustion exercise ( P = 0.02, d = 1.2 and P = 0.04, d = 1.1, respectively). Blood lactate was significantly lower after the exhaustion test in the TAU group compared with the CAF ( P < 0.01, d = 0.8) and TAU + CAF ( P < 0.01, d = 0.7) groups. Core temperature in the TAU group was significantly reduced in the placebo group later in the exhaustion test ( P < 0.01, d = 1.9). Conclusion: In high temperature and humidity environments, acute TAU, CAF, and combined supplementation all improved TTE and did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue compared with placebo, with TAU having the best effect. Combined supplementation failed to exhibit superimposed performance. Clinical Relevance: The results provide suggestions for the effects of TAU, CAF, and their combined intake on exercise performance in high temperature and humidity environments.