Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360, an Effective Biocatalyst of C3 Oxidative Transformation of Oleanane Triterpenoids

The optimal conditions for C3 oxidative biotransformation of 1.0 g/L pentacyclic triterpenoids oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic (GA) acids were determined using the resting cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360 from the Regional Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms. Resting cell suspensions (OD600 2.6, pH 8.0, and OD600 2.2, pH 6.0) showed the highest catalytic activity against OA and GA, resulting in the formation of 61 and 100% of their 3-oxo derivatives, respectively. Using phase contrast, atomic force, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, an adaptive response of rhodococci to the effects of OA and GA was revealed. In silico, the apoptotic activity of 3-oxo-OA and antioxidant activity of 3-oxo-GA have been assumed. In vitro, a pronounced antibacterial activity of 3-oxo-OA against Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was shown. The absence of toxic effects of the above triterpenoids and their 3-oxo derivatives on aquatic objects and plants was demonstrated in silico and in vitro, respectively.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S0026261722603360.