Modelling tandem/multi-junction hybrid perovskite–organic solar cells: A combined drift–diffusion and kinetic Monte Carlo study

Hybrid Organic–inorganic semiconductors are an excellent option for developing photovoltaic devices because of their broad range of bandgaps, inexpensive deposition techniques, and broad solar spectrum absorption. Perovskite–organic tandem solar cells with two terminals (2T) have emerged as the potential architectures to reach high efficiency. Several device characteristics like thickness and bandgaps of the sub-cells must be optimized to maximize solar spectrum utilization in a 2T tandem cell. This study proposes a multiscale simulation model for tandem/multi-junction architecture using hybrid perovskite–organic solar cells. Initially, tandem architecture using perovskite absorbers and organic blend is modelled to explore the series-connected tandem solar cell structure and analyse the effect on the device performance. We observe that the implemented perovskite–organic tandem architecture can achieve high efficiency of 19.8%. This work further explores different perovskite cells combined with the organic blend in a multi-junction configuration to cover the broad solar spectrum with as high as 25.2% power conversion efficiency. In turn, this gives a concrete model representation that can help optimize the device architecture leading to high-efficiency hybrid perovskite–organic devices.