Gut Microbiome Regulation of Appetite and Role in Neurological Disorders

All human beings need food for energy and survival. Leptin and ghrelin are two of the most powerful peripheral hormones that manage your hunger and consumption of vitality. The level of circulating leptin acts as an energy reserve indicator and guides the nervous system to change food intake and consume energy. Ghrelin’s functions include food intake, fat deposition, and growth hormone. To provide the nutrients required for their development, intestinal flora relies entirely on their moderator. The homeostatic pathway controls energy balance from energy stored in our body by increasing food consumption. This chapter discusses how bacterial growth is caused by nutrients, the dynamics of the gut bacteria population, and the mechanistic effect of bacteria in the gut. This chapter centralized the connections both the intestinal bacteria as well as the host are involved. This chapter explores the evidence supporting intestinal microbes’ role in regulating human hunger and proposes an integrated homeostatic model of appetite suppression that takes both the host’s and intestinal microbe’s energy requirements into consideration. It also provides information on how the Western diet influences the gut microbiota. The Western diet encourages inflammation in the native intestinal bacteria that occurs through both functional and structural alterations. This chapter also attempts to present an outline of the bacteria of the gastrointestinal systems’ possible role in the etiology of neurological diseases.