Existing gender relations in agriculture are critically assessed using cross-cultural, historical and contemporary perspectives. Selected survey findings show that women’s work input was higher than men’s. Reflected against prevailing rural poverty, gender planning is recognized as an indispensable component of any strategy for sustainable agricultural development. More research on gender roles in rural communities with agriculture as the economic mainstay is needed. Examples outlined include the historical evolution of gender relations and factor time essential to all analyses of gender relations. A discourse on research-cum-survey design highlights the fundamental scientific requirement.