生物
基因组
DNA甲基化
甲基化
脊索动物
基因
遗传学
脊椎动物
CpG站点
差异甲基化区
RNA导向的DNA甲基化
七鳃鳗
管家基因
基因表达
渔业
作者
Susan Tweedie,Jillian Charlton,Victoria H. Clark,Adrian Bird
标识
DOI:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1469
摘要
AbstractPatterns of DNA methylation in animal genomes are known to vary from an apparent absence of modified bases, via methylation of a minor fraction of the genome, to genome-wide methylation. Representative genomes from 10 invertebrate phyla comprise predominantly nonmethylated DNA and (usually but not always) a minor fraction of methylated DNA. In contrast, all 27 vertebrate genomes that have been examined display genome-wide methylation. Our studies of chordate genomes suggest that the transition from fractional to global methylation occurred close to the origin of vertebrates, as amphioxus has a typically invertebrate methylation pattern whereas primitive vertebrates (hagfish and lamprey) have patterns that are typical of vertebrates. Surprisingly, methylation of genes preceded this transition, as many invertebrate genes have turned out to be heavily methylated. Methylation does not preferentially affect genes whose expression is highly regulated, as several housekeeping genes are found in the heavily methylated fraction whereas several genes expressed in a tissue-specific manner are in the nonmethylated fraction.
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