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A bonded-particle model for rock

软化 突破 各向异性 刚度 韧性 复合材料 磁滞 离散元法 地质学 机械 材料科学 粒子(生态学) 物理 凝聚态物理 光学 财务 经济 海洋学
作者
D.O. Potyondy,Peter Cundall
出处
期刊:International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:41 (8): 1329-1364 被引量:4326
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.011
摘要

A numerical model for rock is proposed in which the rock is represented by a dense packing of non-uniform-sized circular or spherical particles that are bonded together at their contact points and whose mechanical behavior is simulated by the distinct-element method using the two- and three-dimensional discontinuum programs PFC2D and PFC3D. The microproperties consist of stiffness and strength parameters for the particles and the bonds. Damage is represented explicitly as broken bonds, which form and coalesce into macroscopic fractures when load is applied. The model reproduces many features of rock behavior, including elasticity, fracturing, acoustic emission, damage accumulation producing material anisotropy, hysteresis, dilation, post-peak softening and strength increase with confinement. These behaviors are emergent properties of the model that arise from a relatively simple set of microproperties. A material-genesis procedure and microproperties to represent Lac du Bonnet granite are presented. The behavior of this model is described for two- and three-dimensional biaxial, triaxial and Brazilian tests and for two-dimensional tunnel simulations in which breakout notches form in the region of maximum compressive stress. The sensitivity of the results to microproperties, including particle size, is investigated. Particle size is not a free parameter that only controls resolution; instead, it affects the fracture toughness and thereby influences damage processes (such as notch formation) in which damage localizes at macrofracture tips experiencing extensile loading.
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