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Paradoxical manifestations during tuberculous meningitis treatment among HIV-negative patients: a retrospective descriptive study and literature review

医学 结核性脑膜炎 矛盾反应 结核瘤 回顾性队列研究 肺结核 儿科 脑膜炎 环磷酰胺 外科 脑积水 内科学 化疗 病理
作者
Rogelio Domínguez-Moreno,Miguel García-Grimshaw,David Medina-Julio,Carlos Cantú-Brito,Alejandra González-Duarte
出处
期刊:Neurological Sciences [Springer Nature]
卷期号:43 (4): 2699-2708 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1007/s10072-021-05693-2
摘要

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most frequent, severe, and disabling form of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB). TBM paradoxical manifestations are characterized by clinical or paraclinical worsening after 1 month of effective anti-TB treatment in patients who initially responded to treatment despite the use of adjunctive corticosteroids.Retrospective descriptive study of consecutive HIV-negative adult patients (≥ 18 years) with definitive TBM who developed a paradoxical manifestation following anti-TB in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico from 2009 to 2019; we also conducted a literature review of published cases/series of paradoxical manifestations in HIV-negative patients from 1980 to 2020.We detected 84 cases of definitive TBM; 55 (68.7%) HIV-negative patients and 29 (36.3%) HIV-infected patients. Among HIV-negative patients, four (7.3%), three female and one male (19-49 years old), developed a paradoxical manifestation within 4-14 weeks following treatment initiation despite receiving adequate corticosteroid doses; Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of three cases and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in one more. Two patients developed vasculopathy-related cerebral infarctions, one severe basilar meningitis, and hydrocephalus, one more a tuberculoma. Two were treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide, and two with steroids. One of the patients treated with steroids died; patients who received cyclophosphamide had a good clinical response.This case series illustrates the diverse clinical/radiologic paradoxical manifestations of TBM in HIV-negative patients. Cyclophosphamide may be safe and effective in treating TBM-associated paradoxical manifestations. Specific diagnostic and care protocols for these patients are needed.
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