Dual-mode, tunable color, enhanced upconversion luminescence and magnetism of multifunctional BaGdF5:Ln3+ (Ln = Yb/Er/Eu) nanophosphors

BaGdF₅:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺/Eu³⁺ nanophosphors were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and the energy transfer, color-tunable dual-mode emissions and magnetic properties were studied, which could have promising applications in the fields of LEDs, MRI, biolabels, and so on.