Electrochemical detection of trace silver

电位滴定法 电化学 银纳米粒子 纳米技术 电极 电分析法 伏安法 化学 循环伏安法 剥离(纤维) 材料科学 分析化学(期刊) 纳米颗粒 色谱法 生物化学 物理化学 复合材料
作者
Kequan Xu,Clara Pérez‐Ràfols,María Cuartero,Gastón A. Crespo
出处
期刊:Electrochimica Acta [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:374: 137929-137929 被引量:21
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137929
摘要

Increasing utilization of silver and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in daily processes and products has led to a significant growth in scientific interest in methods for monitoring silver. In particular, the amount of silver ions (Ag+) released to the environment is known to have a detrimental effect on aquatic ecology, and thus some control actions have been implemented in recent years; for example, the manufacturing industry is now required to control and certify the quantity of AgNPs present in products. Electrochemical sensors are well suited to the task of silver monitoring due to several beneficial properties, including low costs, fast measurements, and facile adaptation to miniaturized, portable instrumentation. The predominant method for electrochemical silver determination involves potentiometric ion selective electrodes (ISEs) and voltammetric measurements. Reviewing the literature of the last ten years reveals significant improvements in the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors, mainly related to the development of new protocols, selective receptors, and electrode materials. Remarkably, ISEs with limits of detection (LOD) in the nanomolar range have been reported, employing careful control of ion fluxes across the membrane interfaces. What's more, sub-nanomolar LODs are attainable by stripping voltammetry using either ligand-based deposition strategies or thin layer membranes coupled to conducting polymers. Selectivity has also been optimized through the membrane composition of ISEs, with special focus on Ag+ ionophores. Furthermore, novel voltammetric methods allow for discrimination between Ag+ and AgNPs. However, there is still a dearth of studies applying such electrochemical sensors to on-site water analysis, and hence, further research is needed in order to translate these laboratory scale achievements to real-world contexts. Overall, this review describes the state-of-the-art in electrochemical silver detection, and provides a comprehensive description of those aspects contributing to the further development and improvement of analytical performance.
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