Biogenic materials for CRISPR delivery and therapeutics

CRISPR, as an emerging gene-editing technology, has been widely used in multidisciplinary fields, including genetic diseases and some cancers. However, it remains a challenge to efficiently deliver CRISPR for safe and efficient genome editing. Currently, biomimetic materials have become an attractive delivery strategy for CRISPR-mediated genome editing due to their low immunogenicity and application safety. The biomimetic materials delivery is involved in the improvement of cellular uptake of nanoparticle vectors, and the gene editing efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas systems based on biogenic materials such as viruses, bacteria, cells, bioactive substances, etc., focusing on the potential applications in disease research and therapy. Finally, the prospects and limitations of CRISPR-based systems in therapeutics are discussed.