One Stone, Two Birds: A Peptide‐Au(I) Infinite Coordination Supermolecule for the Confederate Physical and Biological Radiosensitization in Cancer Radiation Therapy

Abstract Over half of cancer patients are subjected to radiotherapy, but owing to the deficient amount of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), a fair number of them suffer from radiotherapy resistance and the subsequent short‐term survival opportunity. To overcome it, many successes have been achieved in radiosensitizer discovery using physical strategy and/or biological strategy, but significant challenges remain regarding developing clinically translational radiosensitizers. Herein, a peptide‐Au(I) infinite coordination supermolecule termed PAICS is developed that combined both physical and biological radiosensitization and possessed pharmaceutical characteristics including adequate circulatory stability, controllable drug release, tumor‐prioritized accumulation, and the favorable body eliminability. As expected, monovalent gold ion endowed this supermolecule with high X‐ray absorption and the subsequent radiosensitization. Furthermore, a peptide targeting CRM1, is assembled into the supermolecule, which successfully activates p53 and apoptosis pathway, thereby further sensitizing radiotherapy. As a result, PAICS showed superior ability for radiotherapy sensitization in vivo and maintained a favorable safety profile. Thus, the PAICS reported here will offer a feasible solution to simultaneously overcome both the pharmaceutical obstacles of physical and biological radiosensitizers and will enable the development of a class of nanomedicines for tumor radiotherapy sensitization.