Monolithic Mach-Zehnder modulator bias controls in a 45 nm silicon photonics process

This paper presents a digital control system for a fully integrated 16-channel optical transmitter, with the drivers, modulators, and control systems implemented on the same die in the Silicon Photonic-CMOS 45 nm GF Fotonix™ platform as part of a 1.8 Tbps optical link.