Electron transfer driving force as the criterion for efficient n-doping of organic semiconductors with DMBI-H derivatives

The electron affinity (EA) of OSCs and the ionization energy (IE) of dopant radicals (D˙s) are two molecular descriptors for the n-doping reaction with DMBI-H derivatives, and EA(OSC) − IE(D · ) > 1.0 eV is proposed as a criterion for efficient doping.