Corilagin enhances wound healing by modulating the macrophage phenotype in diabetic mice

Abstract Excessive inflammation is a prominent issue in diabetic wounds, leading to delayed healing or amputation. Corilagin (Cori) is a natural polyphenolic compound with diverse pharmacological activities, particularly its anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect of Cori on diabetic wounds and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. The impact of Cori on wound healing was assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice through morphological observation, histological staining, and gene expression analysis. Flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, western blot analysis, and RNA sequencing were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that Cori accelerated wound healing, inhibited excessive inflammation, and regulated macrophage polarization in diabetic mice. In Vitro, Cori decreased M1 polarization and inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. Sequencing analysis revealed that Cori exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells through multiple targeted mechanisms. Moreover, in LPS‐induced macrophages, Cori dramatically decreased the activation of TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB. Additionally, Cori enhanced M2 polarization by promoting fatty acid oxidation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Cori modulates macrophage polarization through various targeted mechanisms, effectively suppressing inflammation and accelerating diabetic wound healing.