纳米
有机太阳能电池
富勒烯
材料科学
异质结
聚合物太阳能电池
光电子学
纳米技术
太阳能电池
复合材料
化学
有机化学
聚合物
作者
Tzu‐Yen Huang,Anton P. Le Brun,Benedikt Sochor,Chun‐Ming Wu,Yusuf Bulut,Peter Müller‐Buschbaum,Stephan V. Roth,Yanling Yang
出处
期刊:ACS applied nano materials
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2024-07-25
卷期号:7 (15): 17588-17595
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsanm.4c02865
摘要
The nanomorphology of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) plays a critical role in determining the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Thermal annealing is commonly used to reorganize the donor and acceptor phases within the BHJs. In this study, we investigate the vertical morphology of BHJ blend films incorporating the poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3‴-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD) polymer as the donor and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (ITIC) as the acceptor. Neutron reflectivity patterns and scattering length density profiles reveal that the surface of the BHJ films became diffuse when the annealing temperature was above 150 °C. We further find that mitigated agglomeration of PffBT4T-2OD side chains exhibits minimal impact on morphology post-annealing. Instead, ITIC molecules trigger aggregations, accompanied by interface diffusion and increased film roughness. X-ray scattering confirms a 5-fold increase in aggregated ITIC nanodomains after annealing. Our findings highlight that unstable ITIC phases dominate the BHJ morphology of thin films, leading to the thermal instability of OSCs. This study enhances our understanding of the BHJ morphology and offers insights into improving the performance of energy conversion devices.
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