Deep reinforcement learning in radiation therapy planning optimization: A comprehensive review

The formulation and optimization of radiation therapy plans are complex and time-consuming processes that heavily rely on the expertise of medical physicists. Consequently, there is an urgent need for automated optimization methods. Recent advancements in reinforcement learning, particularly deep reinforcement learning (DRL), show great promise for automating radiotherapy planning. This review summarizes the current state of DRL applications in this field, evaluates their effectiveness, and identifies challenges and future directions.