Degradation of antibiotics in wastewater using ozonation-based hybrid advanced oxidation processes: economic aspect, degradation pathway and toxicity reduction

The antibiotic contaminant has received increased attention because it encourages antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes. As a result, removing antibiotic contaminants from wastewater has become a significant environmental study area. In combination with heterogeneous catalyst and photocatalyst, the ozonation system offers potential possibilities for antibiotic degradation. This chapter discusses state-of-the-art ozone-based heterogeneous catalytic and photocatalytic for enhanced antibiotic removal. The effects of different parameters, such as irradiation wavelength and light intensity, pH, catalytic dosage, ozone concentration, and pollutant concentration, are elaborated on the overall performance of such processes. The economic aspects of photocatalytic ozonation are explored compared to catalytic ozonation. Furthermore, the antibiotic degradation pathways and toxicity reduction, including catalytic ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation, are also reported. Finally, future recommendations and challenges are offered, paving the way for developing photocatalytic ozonation to treat antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.