Structure-based design, biophysical characterization, and biochemical application of the heterodimeric affinity purification tag based on the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (SjGST) homodimer

Abstract Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (SjGST), the so-called GST-tag, is one of the most widely used protein tags for the purification of recombinant proteins by affinity chromatography. Attachment of SjGST enables the purification of a protein of interest (POI) using commercially available glutathione-immobilizing resins. Here we produced an SjGST mutant pair that forms heterodimers by adjusting the salt bridge pairs in the homodimer interface of SjGST. An MD study confirmed that the SjGST mutant pair did not disrupt the heterodimer formation. The modified SjGST protein pair coexpressed in Escherichia coli was purified by glutathione-immobilized resin. The stability of the heterodimeric form of the SjGST mutant pair was further confirmed by size exclusion chromatography. Surface plasmon resonance measurements unveiled the selective formation of heterodimers within the pair, accompanied by a significant suppression of homodimerization. The heterodimeric SjGST exhibited enzymatic activity in assays employing a commercially available fluorescent substrate. By fusing one member of the heterodimeric SjGST pair with a fluorescent protein and the other with the POI, we were able to conveniently and sensitively detect protein–protein interactions using fluorescence spectroscopy in the pull-down assays. Thus, utilization of the heterodimeric SjGST would be a useful tag for protein science.