Free Halogen Substitution of Chiral Hybrid Metal Halides for Activating the Linear and Nonlinear Chiroptical Properties

Halogen substitution has been proven as an effective approach to the band gap engineering and optoelectronic modulation of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIHMH) materials. Various high-performance mixed halide OIHMH film materials have been primarily obtained through the substitution of coordinated halogens in their inorganic octahedra. Herein, we propose a new strategy of substitution of free halogen outside the inorganic octahedra for constructing mixed halide OIHMH single crystals with chiral structures, resulting in a boost of their linear and nonlinear chiroptical properties. The substitution from DMA₄[InCl₆]Cl (DMA = dimethylammonium) to DMA₄[InCl₆]Br crystals through a facile antisolvent vaporization method produces centimeter-scale single crystals with high thermal stability along with high quantum yield photoluminescence, conspicuous circularly polarized luminescence, and greatly enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG). In particular, the obtained DMA₄[InCl₆]Br single crystal features an intrinsic chiral structure, exhibiting a significant SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD) response with a highest reported anisotropy factor (g_SHG-CD) of 1.56 among chiral OIHMH materials. The enhancements in both linear and nonlinear chiroptical properties are directly attributed to the modulation of octahedral distortion. The mixed halide OIHMH single crystals obtained by free halogen substitution confine the introduced halogens within free halogen sites of the lattice, thereby ensuring the stability of compositions and properties. The successful employment of such a free halogen substitution approach may broaden the horizon of the regulation of structures and the optoelectronic properties of the OIHMH materials.