TaLBD41 interacts with TaNAC2 to regulate nitrogen uptake and metabolism in response to nitrate availability

Summary Nitrate is the main source of nitrogen (N) available to plants and also is a signal that triggers complex regulation of transcriptional networks to modulate a wide variety of physiological and developmental responses in plants. How plants adapt to soil nitrate fluctuations is a complex process involving a fine‐tuned response to nitrate provision and N starvation, the molecular mechanisms of which remain largely uncharted. Here, we report that the wheat transcription factor TaLBD41 interacts with the nitrate‐inducible transcription factor TaNAC2 and is repressed by nitrate provision. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual‐luciferase system show that the TaLBD41‐NAC2 interaction confers homeostatic coordination of nitrate uptake, reduction, and assimilation by competitively binding to TaNRT2.1 , TaNR1.2 , and TaNADH‐GOGAT . Knockdown of TaLBD41 expression enhances N uptake and assimilation, increases spike number, grain yield, and nitrogen harvest index under different N supply conditions. We also identified an elite haplotype of TaLBD41‐2B associated with increased spike number and grain yield. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism underlying the interaction between two transcription factors in mediating wheat adaptation to nitrate availability by antagonistically regulating nitrate uptake and assimilation, providing a potential target for designing varieties with efficient N use in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ).