Preventing variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background and Aim Preventing rebleeding is crucial, but the best prevention technique for patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remains debatable. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis compared a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with endoscopic therapy (ET) plus nonselective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) for preventing variceal rebleeding in this patient population. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until May 18, 2023. The studies were screened using predetermined criteria, relevant data were extracted, and pooled analyses were performed using the Reviewer Manager 5.4.1 software. Results We retrieved 1032 studies, of which 5 studies comprising a total of 272 patients were included. The postoperative variceal rebleeding rate was significantly lower in the TIPS group than in the ET + NSBBs group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.35, P < 0.05, I 2 = 0%), but the portal vein recanalization rate was higher (OR = 7.92, 95% CI = 3.04–20.67, P < 0.05, I 2 = 0%). The rates of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and mortality did not differ between the groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that TIPS prevents variceal rebleeding without increasing the hepatic encephalopathy risk more effectively than ET plus NSBBs, but this benefit did not translate into improved survival. Thus, it may be preferable to ET plus NSBBs for preventing variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis and PVT. However, more large‐scale and multicenter randomized controlled trials involving other patient populations are required to verify the clinical efficacy of both these treatments and ensure generalizability.