De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a common condition that affects the tendons of the thumb at the wrist. In this literature review article, a comprehensive overview of the surgical treatment of this disease is presented. Aspects related to epidemiology, clinical significance, definition, diagnosis, surgical techniques and indications, complications are addressed and a discussion on the results and effectiveness of treatment is offered. Based on the available evidence, it is concluded that surgical treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis is an effective and safe option in selected cases that do not respond to conservative measures.