Interval Cancers after Negative Supplemental Screening Breast MRI Results in Women with a Personal History of Breast Cancer

Background There are few interval cancer studies of incident screening MRI for women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC). Purpose To evaluate the performance measures of screening breast MRI in women with a PHBC across multiple rounds and to identify subgroups who might be more at risk for interval cancer. Materials and Methods Between January 2008 and March 2019, consecutive screening breast MRI studies for women who had undergone breast-conserving surgery because of breast cancer were retrospectively identified. Inclusion criteria were negative or benign findings at mammography with US, availability of at least 1 year of follow-up data, and examinations having been performed within 12 months after the initial cancer surgery. Performance measures were calculated for each round. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the risk of interval cancer. Results Among the 6603 MRI examinations for 2809 women (median age, 47 years; interquartile range, 42–53 years), the cancer detection rate was 8.3 per 1000 screening examinations (55 of 6603 examinations) and the interval cancer rate was 1.5 per 1000 screening examinations (10 of 6603 examinations). The sensitivity and specificity were 85% (55 of 65 examinations; 95% CI: 76, 93) and 88.3% (5775 of 6538 examinations; 95% CI: 87.6, 89.1), respectively. At multivariable analysis, interval cancers were associated with a first-degree family history of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 22.5; P = .02), estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–negative primary cancers (OR, 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 12.2; P = .04), and moderate or marked background parenchymal enhancement (OR, 10.8; 95% CI: 3.3, 35.7; P < .001). Conclusion Performance of screening breast MRI in women with a personal history of breast cancer was sustained across multiple rounds, and a first-degree family history of breast cancer, estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–negative primary cancers, and moderate or marked background parenchymal enhancement at MRI were independently associated with the risk of developing interval cancers. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Slanetz in this issue.