An improved method of studying fingernail morphometry: Application to the early detection of fingernail clubbing

The detection of clubbing of the fingernails by inspection has been used since it was first described by Hippocrates as a sign of empyema. Although interest in clubbing has remained constant, its study is largely subjective.1,2 Clubbing is found in a wide variety of conditions that include pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, thyroid, and gastrointestinal diseases.1,3 Pseudoclubbing also occurs as a congenital trait (Filbert or watch-glass nails) and in some cutaneous conditions characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles.