Vertical density profiles in thermally compressed balsam fir wood

Factors influencing the vertical density profiles (VDPs) in thermally compressed balsam fir wood were investigated. The shape of the VDP depends on heat transfer and moisture re-distribution during hot-pressing, which in turn depends on press closing rate, wood initial moisture content, and the proximity to the end grain. Three typical VDP shapes could be obtained, with higher surface density, higher core density, or uniformly high density through the thickness. The VDP should affect the mechanical and physical properties of compressed wood allowing it to be engineered for its intended end use.