Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex intrinsic functional connectivity linked to electrocortical measures of error monitoring

Abstract The error‐related negativity (ERN) is a response‐locked event‐related potential, occurring approximately 50 ms following an erroneous response at frontocentral electrode sites. Source localization and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research indicate that the ERN is likely generated by activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The dACC is thought to be a part of a broader network of brain regions that collectively comprise an error monitoring network. However, little is known about how intrinsic connectivity within the dACC‐based error monitoring network contributes to variability in ERN amplitude. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dACC functional connectivity and ERN amplitude. In a sample of highly trait anxious individuals, the ERN was elicited in a flanker task and functional connectivity was assessed in a 10‐min resting‐state fMRI scan. Results suggest that the strength of dACC seeded functional connectivity with the supplementary motor area is correlated with the ΔERN (i.e., incorrect—correct responses) amplitude such that greater ΔERN amplitude was accompanied by greater functional coupling between these regions. In sum, ERN amplitude appears to be related to the strength of functional connectivity between error monitoring and motor control regions of the brain.