[Prenatal interventional therapy in two cases with critical pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum].

Objectives: Two cases who underwent fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty (FPV) for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) or critical pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum (CPS-IVS) successfully were reported. The aim of the report was to explore the criteria for case selection, the technical essentials of FPV, and the postpartum outcome of the fetus. Methods: One case with PA-IVS and the other with CPS-IVS were enrolled in September 2016 and February 2017 in Guangdong General Hospital, and both cases were diagnosed with severe right ventricular dysplasia and tricuspid regurgitation by fetal echocardiogram. Parameters of right ventricle development and hemodynamics from echocardiography included tricuspid/mitral annulus (TV/MV), right ventricle/left ventricle long-axis (RV/LV), pulmonary/aortic annulus (PV/AV), tricuspid inflow duration/cardiac cycle, degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), blood flow direction of arterial duct and ductus venosus. Multidisciplinary team including the maternal-fetal cardiology, pediatric cardiology, cardiac surgery, obstetrics, neonatology and anesthesiology was summoned to discuss the indications and timing of PFV. Two cases underwent ultrasound-guiding trans-abdominal PFV at the 28 weeks of gestational age. Echocardiography was performed to observe the opening and closing of the pulmonary valve, and to evaluate the development of right ventricle and improvement in hemodynamics every 2-4 weeks until delivery. Results: From the technical perspective, pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty was successfully performed in these two cases. The opening of pulmonary valve improved in these two cases at 2-4 weeks after FPV. However, an obvious restenosis was detected in the first case at 5-8 weeks after FPV. In the first case, the echocardiography parameters including TV/MV, RV/LV, PV/AV and tricuspid inflow duration/cardiac cycle increased from 0.56, 0.42, 0.85,0.26 to 0.59, 0.51, 0.87, 0.32 at 5-8 weeks after FPV, respectively. However, the direction of blood flow through the arterial duct was still reverse. In the second case, TV/MV, RV/LV, PV/AV and tricuspid inflow duration/cardiac cycle ratio increased from 0.70, 0.63, 0.91,0.35 to 0.80, 0.80, 0.97, 0.42 at 5-8 weeks after FPV, respectively. The direction of blood flow through the arterial duct changed to bidirectional. Both fetuses were born alive. The first case underwent pulmonary valve commissurotomy and modified Blalock-Taussig shunt on the 8(th) day after delivery and received follow-up for 6 months. The strategy for the next-step therapy was still pending. The second case underwent transcutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty on the 19(th) day after delivery and received follow-up for 3 months. The opening of pulmonary valve improved obviously and the cardiac function was normal in the second case. Conclusions: FPV is safe and effective for fetus during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and FPV is beneficial for the development of fetal ventricle, valve and large artery. In addition, FPV may help to avoid the postnatal surgery for isolated single ventricle, improve fetal heart failure and prevent fetal death.目的： 分析1例胎儿室间隔完整的肺动脉瓣闭锁（PA-IVS）和1例胎儿室间隔完整的危重肺动脉瓣狭窄（CPS-IVS）进行成功的宫内肺动脉瓣成形术（FPV）的诊治经过，初步探讨FPV的病例选择、技术方法及出生后结局。 方法： 2016年9月及2017年2月就诊于广东省人民医院经胎儿超声心动图诊断为胎儿PA-IVS及CPS-IVS各1例。2例胎儿均存在明显的右心室发育不良、三尖瓣严重反流。采用超声心动图评估右心系统的发育及血流动力学指标，主要包括：胎儿三尖瓣/二尖瓣环、右心室/左心室长径、肺动脉瓣/主动脉瓣环、三尖瓣流入时间/心动周期、三尖瓣反流程度、动脉导管及静脉导管血流方向等。联合心脏母胎医学科、心儿科、心外科、产科、新生儿科、麻醉科等多学科会诊，评估病例的介入治疗适应证及手术时机。2例胎儿均于28周胎龄接受了经孕妇腹壁超声引导下的FPV。术后每2~4周返院复查1次，采用超声心动图观察肺动脉瓣的启闭，评估右心系统的发育及血流动力学指标的改善情况。 结果： 2例胎儿FPV均取得技术上的成功。术后2~4周复查2例胎儿肺动脉瓣的开放均较前改善，术后5~8周复查例1胎儿肺动脉瓣出现明显再狭窄，例2无明显再狭窄。例1右心系统发育及血流动力学指标较前稍改善，术后5~8周三尖瓣/二尖瓣环、右心室/左心室长径、肺动脉瓣/主动脉瓣环、三尖瓣流入时间/心动周期分别由术前的0.56、0.42、0.85、0.26，增加至0.59、0.51、0.87、0.32，但动脉导管血流仍为反向。例2右心系统发育及血流动力学指标较前改善明显，术后5~8周三尖瓣/二尖瓣环、右心室/左心室长径、肺动脉瓣/主动脉瓣环、三尖瓣流入时间/心动周期分别由术前的0.70、0.63、0.91、0.35，增加至0.80、0.80、0.97、0.42，动脉导管血流变为双向。2例胎儿均活产。例1生后第8天接受肺动脉瓣交接切开及改良B-T分流术，随访至术后6个月，进一步手术方案尚待观察；例2生后第19天完成经皮FPV，随访至术后3个月，患儿肺动脉瓣开放明显改善，心功能良好。 结论： 孕中晚期胎儿FPV安全、有效，可促进胎儿心室、瓣膜及大血管发育，有希望避免出生后单心室手术，同时改善胎儿心力衰竭，避免胎儿死亡。.