Single Atoms and Clusters Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution Reactions, and Full Water Splitting

Advanced Energy MaterialsVolume 9, Issue 22 1900624 Review Single Atoms and Clusters Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution Reactions, and Full Water Splitting Siraj Sultan, Siraj Sultan Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJitendra N. Tiwari, Corresponding Author Jitendra N. Tiwari jitendra@unist.ac.kr Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaE-mail: jitendra@unist.ac.kr, kimks@unist.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorAditya Narayan Singh, Aditya Narayan Singh Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorShynggys Zhumagali, Shynggys Zhumagali Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMiran Ha, Miran Ha Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorChang Woo Myung, Chang Woo Myung Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorPandiarajan Thangavel, Pandiarajan Thangavel Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKwang S. Kim, Corresponding Author Kwang S. Kim kimks@unist.ac.kr orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-5359 Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaE-mail: jitendra@unist.ac.kr, kimks@unist.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author Siraj Sultan, Siraj Sultan Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJitendra N. Tiwari, Corresponding Author Jitendra N. Tiwari jitendra@unist.ac.kr Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaE-mail: jitendra@unist.ac.kr, kimks@unist.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorAditya Narayan Singh, Aditya Narayan Singh Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorShynggys Zhumagali, Shynggys Zhumagali Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMiran Ha, Miran Ha Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorChang Woo Myung, Chang Woo Myung Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorPandiarajan Thangavel, Pandiarajan Thangavel Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKwang S. Kim, Corresponding Author Kwang S. Kim kimks@unist.ac.kr orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-5359 Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 South KoreaE-mail: jitendra@unist.ac.kr, kimks@unist.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900624Citations: 374Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The sustainable and scalable production of hydrogen through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen through oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting demands efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Currently, state-of-the-art electrocatalysts of Pt and IrO2/RuO2 exhibit the benchmark catalytic activity toward HER and OER, respectively. However, expanding their practical application is hindered by their exorbitant price and scarcity. Therefore, the development of alternative effective electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial. In the last few decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of alternative HER/OER and water splitting catalysts based on various transition metals (including Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, and atomic Pt) which show promising catalytic activities and durability. In this review, after a brief introduction and basic mechanism of HER/OER, the authors systematically discuss the recent progress in design, synthesis, and application of single atom and cluster-based HER/OER and water splitting catalysts. Moreover, the crucial factors that can tune the activity of catalysts toward HER/OER and water splitting such as morphology, crystal defects, hybridization of metals with nonmetals, heteroatom doping, alloying, and formation of metals inside graphitic layered materials are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives for improving the performance of electrocatalysts for water splitting are addressed. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Citing Literature Volume9, Issue22June 12, 20191900624 RelatedInformation