嵌合抗原受体
免疫疗法
肿瘤微环境
细胞疗法
T细胞
细胞毒性T细胞
医学
过继性细胞移植
癌症免疫疗法
抗原
CD8型
CD19
免疫系统
癌症研究
免疫学
生物
细胞
体外
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Xiaotao Jiang,Xu Jiang,Mingfeng Liu,Hui Xing,Zhiming Wang,Lei Huang,Andrew L. Mellor,Wei Wang,Sha Wu
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.017
摘要
Cancer immunotherapy is a new and promising option for cancer treatment. Unlike traditional chemo- and radiotherapy, immunotherapy actives host immune system to attack malignancies, and this potentially offers long-term protection from recurrence with less toxicity in comparison to conventional chemo- and radiation therapy. In adoptive CD8+ T cell therapy (ACT), large numbers of tumor-specific T cells are sourced from patients and expanded in vitro and infused back to patients. T cells can be expanded from naturally-induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cells isolated from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or genetically-modified autologous circulating CD8+ T cells. The engineered T cells expressed tumor-specific antigen receptors including chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and T cell receptors (TCRs), prepared from cultured B and T cell clones, respectively. The most successful ACT, anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy directed against B cell lymphoma, is already approved for use based on evidence of efficacy. Efficacy of solid tumors is not yet forthcoming. This review summarizes current technology developments using ACT in clinical trials. In this review, differences between various ACT approaches are discussed. Furthermore, resistance factors in the tumor microenvironment are also considered, as are immune related adverse effects, critical clinic monitoring parameters and potential mitigation approaches.
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