重编程
免疫疗法
纳米技术
癌症免疫疗法
自身免疫
微尺度化学
免疫系统
淋巴细胞浸润
材料科学
免疫学
细胞
医学
生物
数学
遗传学
数学教育
作者
C. Wyatt Shields,Liwen Wang,Michael A. Evans,Samir Mitragotri
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.201901633
摘要
Abstract Breakthroughs in materials engineering have accelerated the progress of immunotherapy in preclinical studies. The interplay of chemistry and materials has resulted in improved loading, targeting, and release of immunomodulatory agents. An overview of the materials that are used to enable or improve the success of immunotherapies in preclinical studies is presented, from immunosuppressive to proinflammatory strategies, with particular emphasis on technologies poised for clinical translation. The materials are organized based on their characteristic length scale, whereby the enabling feature of each technology is organized by the structure of that material. For example, the mechanisms by which i) nanoscale materials can improve targeting and infiltration of immunomodulatory payloads into tissues and cells, ii) microscale materials can facilitate cell‐mediated transport and serve as artificial antigen‐presenting cells, and iii) macroscale materials can form the basis of artificial microenvironments to promote cell infiltration and reprogramming are discussed. As a step toward establishing a set of design rules for future immunotherapies, materials that intrinsically activate or suppress the immune system are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the trajectory of these systems and how they may be improved to address unsolved challenges in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity is presented.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI