水印
数字水印
计算机科学
加密
稳健性(进化)
关系数据库
嵌入
散列函数
失真(音乐)
数据库
计算机安全
数据挖掘
理论计算机科学
情报检索
作者
Xiao Tang,Zhenfu Cao,Xiaolei Dong,Jiachen Shen
标识
DOI:10.1109/bigdatase53435.2021.00020
摘要
In this paper, we propose a zero-distortion blind reversible robust scheme for watermarking relational databases called PKMark. Data owner can declare the copyright of the databases or pursue the infringement by extracting the water-mark information embedded in the database. PKMark is mainly based on the primary key attribute of the tuple. So it does not depend on the type of the attribute, and can provide high-precision numerical attributes. PKMark uses RSA encryption on the watermark before embedding the watermark to ensure the security of the watermark information. Then we use RSA to sign the watermark cipher text so that the owner can verify the ownership of the watermark without disclosing the watermark. The watermark embedding and extraction are based on the hash value of the primary key, so the scheme has blindness and reversibility. In other words, the user can obtain the watermark information or restore the original database without comparing it to the original database. Our scheme also has almost excellent robustness against addition attacks, deletion attacks and alteration attacks. In addition, PKMark is resistant to additive attacks, allowing different users to embed multiple watermarks without interfering with each other, and it can indicate the sequence of watermark embedding so as to indicate the original copyright owner of the database. This watermarking scheme also allows data owners to detect whether the data has been tampered with.
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