电解质
离子电导率
快离子导体
材料科学
电导率
晶界
阴极
兴奋剂
陶瓷
烧结
相(物质)
阳极
离子键合
无机化学
化学工程
离子
冶金
微观结构
化学
电极
物理化学
光电子学
有机化学
工程类
作者
Wenkai Li,Ning Zhao,Zhijie Bi,Xiangxin Guo
摘要
Na superionic conductor-type Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3, NZSPO) is considered as one of the most promising solid electrolytes for solid-state sodium batteries, while its relatively low ionic conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 requires improvement for application. In this study, a synergetic strategy is applied to improve the ionic conductivity of NZSPO, i.e., by combining bulk doping and grain-boundary engineering. Hf4+ is selected as the substitution for Zr4+ to stabilize the highly conducting rhombohedral phase. La2O3 is added as a sintering aid to promote the ion transport along the grain boundaries with Na3La(PO4)2 formed therein. The optimized Na3Zr1.8Hf0.2Si2PO12-Na3La(PO4)2 (NZHSPO-NLPO) ceramic electrolytes show a high relative density of 98.8% and the superior ionic conductivity of 1.66 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C. The Na symmetric batteries display the stable plating/stripping cycling over 500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 0.05 mAh cm−2. With ionic liquid as a wetting agent at cathode sides and PEO as an intermediate layer at anode sides, the NZHSPO-NLPO-based Na batteries with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes exhibit the discharge capacity of 109.9 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 92.7% at 0.1 and 30 °C for 50 cycles. It is proved that the simultaneous optimization of bulk and grain boundaries is powerful for increasing the ionic conductivity of ceramic solid electrolytes.
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