材料科学
聚吡咯
生物相容性
电极
体内
生物医学工程
极化(电化学)
巨噬细胞极化
导电体
电化学
生物物理学
导电聚合物
体外
巨噬细胞
聚合物
纳米技术
化学
复合材料
聚合
医学
生物化学
生物
冶金
生物技术
物理化学
作者
Sang‐Hun Lee,Junggeon Park,Semin Kim,Jehyung Ok,Jung Il Yoo,Yong Sook Kim,Youngkeun Ahn,Tae‐il Kim,Heung Cho Ko,Jae Young Lee
出处
期刊:ACS Nano
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2022-04-19
卷期号:16 (5): 7471-7485
被引量:21
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.1c10506
摘要
Implantable bioelectrodes enable precise recording or stimulation of electrical signals with living tissues in close contact. However, their performance is frequently compromised owing to inflammatory tissue reactions, which macrophages either induce or resolve by polarizing to an inflammatory (M1) or noninflammatory (M2) phenotype, respectively. Thus, we aimed to fabricate biocompatible and functional implantable conductive polymer bioelectrodes with optimal topography for the modulation of macrophage responses. To this end, we produced heparin-doped polypyrrole (PPy/Hep) electrodes of different surface roughness, with Ra values from 5.5 to 17.6 nm, by varying the charge densities during electrochemical synthesis. In vitro culture revealed that macrophages on rough PPy/Hep electrodes preferentially polarized to noninflammatory phenotypes. In particular, PPy/Hep-900 (Ra = 14 nm) was optimal with respect to electrochemical properties and the suppression of inflammatory M1 polarization. In vivo implantation indicated that PPy/Hep-900 significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, suppressed inflammatory polarization, and mitigated fibrotic tissue formation. In addition, the implanted PPy/Hep-900 electrodes could successfully record electrocardiographic signals for up to 10 days without substantial decreases in sensitivity, while other electrodes substantially lost their signal sensitivity during implantation. Altogether, we demonstrate that modulating the surface features of PPy/Hep can benefit the design and applications of high-performance and high-biocompatibility bioelectrodes.
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