[Clinical analysis of 81 cases of intravenous leiomyomatosis confined to pelvic cavity].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, treatment and recurrence factors of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) confined to the pelvic cavity after the operation. Methods: The clinical data of 81 patients who underwent surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with IVL at Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2014 to March 2021, were analyzed retrospectively to explore the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence of IVL, including age, gravidity and parity, surgical methods, intraoperative conditions and so on. Results: (1) Clinical features: the age of 81 IVL patients was (43.9±8.1) years old; increased menstrual volume in 26 cases (32%, 26/81), prolonged menstrual period in 31 cases (38%, 31/81), frequency and urgency to urinate in 4 cases (5%, 4/81), abdominal pain and abdominal distension in 8 cases (10%, 8/81), and pelvic masses in 34 cases (42%, 34/81). IVL was diagnosed right in 4 of 72 patients (6%, 4/72) underwent preoperative ultrasound, right in 11 of 51 patients (22%, 11/51) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and right in 4 of 19 patients (4/19) underwent CT. (2) Treatment: all patients with IVL underwent surgical treatment. Surgical procedure: myomectomy in 37 cases, total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy in 19 cases, total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy in 25 cases. Surgical approach: hysteroscopic operation in 6 cases, transabdominal operation in 52 cases, laparoscopic operation in 23 cases. Fifty-three cases underwent rapid intraoperative pathological examination, 17 cases (32%, 17/53) of them were diagnosed right as IVL. (3) Influencing factors of IVL postoperative recurrence: among 81 patients with IVL, 3 cases were lost to follow-up, and 8 cases (10%, 8/78) had recurrence during follow-up. Age<35 years, number of pregnancies<2, number of births<2, number of fibroids ≥10, abnormal appearance of fibroids (long, vermicular, beadlike, cystic, etc.) and IVL invasion into adjacent vessels were all the risk factors influencing postoperative recurrence of IVL (all P<0.05). Methods of operation, ovariectomy or not, IVL invasion or not, maximum diameter of IVL, abundant blood vessels near uterine fibroids were not associated with postoperative recurrence of IVL (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations and preoperative auxiliary examination of IVL are lack of specificity. Doctors need to pay attention to young patients with uterine fibroids, and choose the appropriate surgical scope when the characteristic manifestations of IVL be found during the operation, or the right diagnoses of IVL in the surgery's rapid intraoperative pathology be examined, and should remove the IVL lesions to reduce the recurrence as far as possible.目的： 探讨病灶局限在盆腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病（IVL）的临床特征、治疗方法，并分析IVL术后复发的影响因素。 方法： 收集2014年1月至2021年3月在浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院接受手术治疗且术后病理检查证实病灶局限在盆腔的81例IVL患者的临床病理资料及随访资料，回顾性分析IVL患者的临床特征、治疗方法，并探讨IVL术后复发的影响因素，包括年龄、孕次和产次、手术方式、术中情况等。 结果： （1）临床特征：81例IVL患者的年龄为（43.9±8.1）岁；经量增多26例（32%，26/81），经期延长31例（38%，31/81），尿频、尿急4例（5%，4/81），腹痛、腹胀8例（10%，8/81），无症状因体检发现盆腔包块者34例（42%，34/81）；术前行超声检查的72例患者中4例（6%，4/72）诊断为IVL，行磁共振成像（MRI）检查的51例患者中11例（22%，11/51）诊断为IVL，行CT检查的19例患者中4例（4/19）诊断为IVL。（2）治疗方法：81例IVL患者均行手术治疗。手术方式：肌瘤剔除术37例，子宫全切除+双侧输卵管切除术19例，子宫全切除+双侧附件切除术25例；手术途经：宫腔镜手术6例，经腹手术52例，腹腔镜手术23例。81例IVL患者中，53例行术中冰冻病理检查，其中诊断为IVL 17例（32%，17/53）。（3）IVL术后复发的影响因素：81例IVL患者中，3例（4%）失访；78例有随访资料的患者中，随访期内复发8例（10%，8/78）。年龄<35岁、孕次<2次、产次<2次、肌瘤数≥10个、肌瘤外观异常（指术中见肿物为长条形、蠕虫状、串珠状、囊状等）、IVL侵入邻近血管均为影响IVL术后复发的危险因素（P均<0.05）；而手术方式、卵巢切除与否、IVL侵入宫旁与否、IVL最大径、肌瘤旁血管丰富与否均与IVL术后复发无关（P均>0.05）。 结论： IVL的临床表现及术前辅助检查均缺乏特异性，临床医师对年轻的子宫肌瘤患者需加以重视，术中若见IVL特征性表现，可借助术中快速冰冻检查诊断，以决定适宜的手术范围，尽可能切净病灶，降低术后复发率。.