Study and Correlation of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Findings in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders.

Diseases of thyroid gland are among the most abundant endocrine disorders. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis in terms of osteoporosis risk is well established. Early diagnosis and treatment is the cornerstone of management of thyroid disorders. Anti-TPO antibody are useful markers for the detection of autoimmune thyroid disease while ultrasonography is the modality of choice for characterization of thyroid disease.Our study aims to review the relationship between clinical,laboratory and USG findings in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders.An observational prospective study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre for a period of 18 months.Adult patients with symptoms of thyroid disease and deranged FT3/FT4/TSH were included. Anti-TPO antibody was done using ELISA.Chi-square was used to compare data with p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Total 150 patients were analysed out of which 23 were males and 127 were females. Maximum patients were found in 31-45year age group. Subclinical hypothyroidism was noted in 50% patients followed by overt hypothyroidism (21.3%),overt hyperthyroidism (21.3%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (6%). Most common symptom of subclinical hypothyroidism was fatigue. 62% patients were positive for Anti-TPO antibody,out of which 90% were females and rest were males. The most common USG finding was diffuse thyroid disease(51.3%), followed by normal USG(19.3%),thyroiditi s(11.3%),multinodular goitre(10%) and single nodule(6%). Among those patients with diffuse thyroid disease on USG,85% patients had positive Anti-TPO antibody levels.According to the present study, Anti-TPO antibody has been statistically associated with thyroid disease. Diffuse hypoechogenecity on USG is statistically associated with positive Anti -TPO antibody and thus have a major role in diagnosing etiology and predicting prognosis of patients with thyroid disorders.