The impact of health status, diet and lifestyle on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Narrative review

医学 脂肪肝 代谢综合征 脂肪性肝炎 内科学 疾病 肥胖 肝硬化 糖尿病 2型糖尿病 地中海饮食法 2型糖尿病 胃肠病学 内分泌学
作者
Joud Alalwani,Sereen Eljazzar,Maya Basil,Reema Tayyem
出处
期刊:Clinical obesity [Wiley]
卷期号:12 (4) 被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1111/cob.12525
摘要

Summary Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. NAFLD has a global prevalence of almost 30%, while incidence is rising with increasing levels of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Nutrition plays a significant role in both the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to explore the associations between dietary, lifestyle and other risk factors and the risk for developing NAFLD. Dietary patterns, lifestyle behaviours, comorbidities, or a combination of any may contribute to either the progression or prevention of NAFLD. Having diabetes, hypertension, or having obesity might increase the progression of NAFLD if not well treated and controlled. Diet influences the progression of NAFLD; following a western diet or simply a high‐fat diet may contribute to the worsening of NAFLD and further progression to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis in later stages. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet is the gold standard for both the treatment and prevention of NAFLD. Social behaviours, such as smoking, caffeine consumption and physical activity also play a role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Nutrition contributes significantly to the prevention or treatment of NAFLD, since this disease can be managed by diet and physical activity. However, further studies are still needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action. Randomized control trials are also needed to confirm findings in observational studies.
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