[Clinical phenotype and genotype of Gaucher disease in 14 children].

Objective: To analyze the clinical and genetical characteristics of children with Gaucher disease and to explore the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 14 children with Gaucher disease diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2016 to October 2021 were analyzed. Their general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and gene variations were collected, followed by the analysis of the clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Results: Among 14 children diagnosed with Gaucher disease, 9 were males and 5 were females, with the age of diagnosis ranging from 0.7 to 15.8 years. There were 10 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, 2 patients with type 2, and 2 patients with type 3. The most common clinical manifestations were splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia (14 cases), hepatomegaly (8 cases) and anemia (8 cases). There were 6 patients with growth retardation, and 5 patients lag in height compared with their peers. Bone abnormalities were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in 7 type 1 Gaucher disease patients, but only 1 patient experienced bone pain. Patients with type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease also presented with convulsions, nystagmus and hearing loss. Gaucher cells were found in bone marrow smears in 12 patients. The glucocerebrosidase gene variations identified in 13 patients were heterozygous and in 1 type 1 patient was homozygous of L483P. L483P variation accounted for 33%(10/30) of the variation alleles, followed by V414L, D448H and R159W. The variation alleles were L483P and L422R, F252I and L483P in 2 children with severe neurological manifestations of Gaucher disease. A novel variation c.22A>G was detected. Conclusions: Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia are the main clinical presentations of Gaucher disease in children and bone lesions revealed by radiologic imaging appear prior to the occurrence of bone diseases, type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease also present growth retardation and neurological manifestation. The most frequent variant allele is L483P, which are detected in all 3 subtypes of Gaucher disease. The L422R, F252I gene variants correlated with the neuronopathic phenotype.目的： 分析儿童戈谢病的临床表型与基因型特征及其相关性。 方法： 回顾性分析南京医科大学附属儿童医院2016年8月至2021年10月诊断的14例儿童戈谢病患儿的一般情况、临床表现、实验室检查、基因检测等临床资料，对临床表型和基因型进行总结。 结果： 14例戈谢病患儿中男9例，女5例，诊断年龄0.7~15.8岁；其中Ⅰ型10例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型2例。患儿临床表现以脾大（14例）、血小板减少（14例）、肝肿大（8例）和贫血（8例）多见，其中有6例患儿存在生长迟缓，5例患儿身高在同龄儿处于中下水平。Ⅰ型患儿中7例磁共振成像检查均有影像学骨骼异常，仅有1例有骨痛，Ⅱ和Ⅲ型可同时伴有抽搐、眼球震颤、听力下降。12例患儿骨髓形态学可查见戈谢细胞。除1例Ⅰ型葡萄糖脑苷脂酶基因含L483P纯合变异外，其余13例均为杂合变异，常见致病变异为L483P（33%，10/30），其余依次为V414L、D448H、R159W。2例有严重神经系统表现戈谢病患儿的变异等位基因为L483P、L422R和F252I、L483P。检出了1个新生变异c.22A>G。 结论： 儿童戈谢病以脾肿大和血小板减少为常见临床表现，骨骼影像学改变早于骨病的发生。除上述临床表现外，Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型同时还有生长迟缓及神经系统表现。L483P变异的等位基因频率最高，可同时出现于3种亚型，L422R、F252I基因变异型与神经病变表型相关。.