Cluster head selection using hesitant fuzzy and firefly algorithm in wireless sensor networks

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to monitor and collect data in various environments. One of the main challenges in WSNs is the energy consumption due to the deployed sensor nodes in WSNs are energy-constrained. Clustering method is a solution for this problem and the cluster head (CH) selection process is a major part of the clustering method. This paper used the firefly algorithm (FA) and hesitant fuzzy to propose a new CH selection protocol. The proposed protocol uses three parameters of sensor nodes to calculate the score of each node to determine the best CHs. In order to describe the performance of the proposed protocol, three scenarios are simulated and evaluated. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves the energy saving and increases the network lifetime.