W/O/W double emulsion-loaded alginate capsules containing Lactobacillus plantarum and lipophilic sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pomace extract in different phases

In this study, double emulsion containing L. plantarum F1 cells and prebiotic mannitol in the inner water phase, lipophilic sea buckthorn pomace extract as an antioxidant in the oil phase, and alginate in the outer water phase showed high encapsulation yield (82.19%), good cell survival rate (76.99%) and low chemical degradation of the oil (peroxide value - 3.8 meq O2/kg fat) after 42 days of storage. Gelation of the outer water phase enhanced the viability of L. plantarum F1 cells both during storage and under gastrointestinal conditions due to strong physical barrier formation. Encapsulated L. plantarum F1 viability throughout the 30-day storage period decreased to the value meeting the minimum required dose for probiotics. In vitro digestion of the loaded alginate capsules showed high survival rate of encapsulated cells under gastric conditions and significant reduction at the end of the duodenal phase of digestion.