Complications after native kidney biopsy: definitive data

To assess the risk of complications associated with native kidney biopsies. This review will highlight recent advances on the risk factors for major bleeding and risk management in patients with native kidney biopsy.Recent studies provided new important data regarding the individualization of the risk of bleeding after kidney biopsy. A new bleeding risk score was proposed as a risk stratification tool, useful for shared decision making and procedure choice.The risk of complications is low (<1%) in most patients but varies widely. Risk factors include Charlson index, frailty index, female gender, dyslipidemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, cancer, abnormal kidney function, glomerular disease, autoimmune disease, vasculitis, hematologic disease, and thrombotic microangiopathy. A new bleeding score can help physicians and patients to assess the risk of bleeding enabling informed consent, and decide to perform it or not, and to prefer transjugular vs percutaneous route.