Berberine treatment for weight gain in patients with schizophrenia by regulating leptin rather than adiponectin

Berberine could improve antipsychotic-induced weight gain in obese cell lines and animal models. This study aimed to exam the effect of berberine on weight gain in patients with schizophrenia.Each subject who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia had been on stable dose of a single antipsychotic for at least one month. In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either berberine (900 mg per day) or placebo. Anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8.A total of 65 patients were enrolled, 49 of which completed the treatment. At the 8th week, the mean weight of patients in the berberine group (N = 27) lost 1.10 kg, while in the placebo group (N = 22) gained 1.45 kg. There were significant differences in body weight (Ftime*group=10.493, P = 0.001), BMI (Ftime*group=9.344, P = 0.002) and leptin (Ftime*group=6.265, P = 0.003). Further, the change of leptin had significant positive correlations with the changes of body weight(r = 0.395, P = 0.041) and BMI(r = 0.389, P = 0.045). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (P > 0.05).This study suggests that berberine is a potential weight loss and weight maintenance drug for patients with schizophrenia. The effect of berberine on weight gain may be related to the regulation of leptin, but not adiponectin.