Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting

This work provides an overview of the recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores active in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral range. Herein the common strategies and main structure-property relationships that lead to near-infrared (NIR) electronic absorption of chromophores are described. A complete review of the molecules that feature two-photon absorption (2PA) beyond 1100 nm is presented for the purpose of further use in optical power limiting applications in the SWIR band. Recent progress in the development of optical power limiting in this particular spectral region is reported with emphasis on the use of the two-photon induced excited state absorption (ESA) process as an optical power limiting enhancer.