Psychobiotics: A Novel Class of Psychotropic

抗焦虑药 抗抑郁药 医学 肠易激综合征 萧条(经济学) 肠-脑轴 血清素 迷走神经 益生菌 迷走神经电刺激 精神科 焦虑 药理学 内科学 肠道菌群 生物 免疫学 细菌 刺激 受体 经济 宏观经济学 遗传学
作者
Timothy G. Dinan,Catherine Stanton,John F. Cryan
出处
期刊:Biological Psychiatry [Elsevier]
卷期号:74 (10): 720-726 被引量:1058
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001
摘要

Here, we define a psychobiotic as a live organism that, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness. As a class of probiotic, these bacteria are capable of producing and delivering neuroactive substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, which act on the brain-gut axis. Preclinical evaluation in rodents suggests that certain psychobiotics possess antidepressant or anxiolytic activity. Effects may be mediated via the vagus nerve, spinal cord, or neuroendocrine systems. So far, psychobiotics have been most extensively studied in a liaison psychiatric setting in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, where positive benefits have been reported for a number of organisms including Bifidobacterium infantis. Evidence is emerging of benefits in alleviating symptoms of depression and in chronic fatigue syndrome. Such benefits may be related to the anti-inflammatory actions of certain psychobiotics and a capacity to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Results from large scale placebo-controlled studies are awaited. Here, we define a psychobiotic as a live organism that, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness. As a class of probiotic, these bacteria are capable of producing and delivering neuroactive substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, which act on the brain-gut axis. Preclinical evaluation in rodents suggests that certain psychobiotics possess antidepressant or anxiolytic activity. Effects may be mediated via the vagus nerve, spinal cord, or neuroendocrine systems. So far, psychobiotics have been most extensively studied in a liaison psychiatric setting in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, where positive benefits have been reported for a number of organisms including Bifidobacterium infantis. Evidence is emerging of benefits in alleviating symptoms of depression and in chronic fatigue syndrome. Such benefits may be related to the anti-inflammatory actions of certain psychobiotics and a capacity to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Results from large scale placebo-controlled studies are awaited. Psychobiotics Highlight the Pathways to HappinessBiological PsychiatryVol. 74Issue 10PreviewThere is no doubt that enteric commensal microbiota are important benefactors of mammalian intestinal health. The professed “good” bacterial species, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, lack the external proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide chains that are anchored to the cell walls of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella. The host gut, therefore, is tolerant to extensive colonization by beneficial bacteria, which compete with the establishment of detrimental microbes and lower the risk of infection. Full-Text PDF
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