[Application of semi-quantitative risk assessment method in occupational health risk assessment of wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises].

Objective: To explore the applicability of semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in wood furniture manufacturing companies. Methods: Two medium-sized wooden furniture manufactures were randomly selected as research objects, namely A company and B company. Used the Semi-Quantitative risk assessment method (the ratio method, the index method and the comprehensive method) in the "Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace" (GBZ/T 298-2017) to conduct occupational hygiene survey, occupational hazard factor testing and occupational health risk assessments for two wood furniture manufacturers from January to October 2018, and compared and analyzed the applicability of these three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises. Results: The occupational health status of A enterprises was worse than that of B enterprises, and the occupational health risk level was higher than that of B enterprises, and the risk level of A enterprise is 3~4, and the risk level of B enterprise is 2~3. The occupational health risk level obtained by the index method was consistent with the comprehensive method, while the risk level of some occupational disease hazards used the ratio method was inconsistent with the results of the index method and the comprehensive method. Compared with the index method and the comprehensive method, when E/OEL<0.5 or E/OEL≥2, there might be a certain fluctuation in the occupational health risk level obtained by the ratio method. Conclusion: The semi-quantitative risk assessment is more objective, comprehensive and flexible in the application of occupational health risk assessment, and can assess the occupational health risk level of chemical poisons in wood furniture manufacturing enterprises.目的： 探索半定量风险评估方法在木质家具制造企业的适用性。 方法： 随机选取2家中等规模的木质家具制造企业为研究对象，分别为A企业和B企业。参照GBZ/T 298-2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的比值法、指数法、综合法3种半定量风险评估法，于2018年1~10月对这2家企业进行职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测以及职业健康风险评估，比较分析3种半定量风险评估法在木质家具制造企业的适用性。 结果： A企业职业卫生状况较B企业差，职业健康风险水平也较B企业高，其中A企业风险水平为3~4级，B企业风险水平为2~3级。指数法得出的职业健康风险水平与综合法一致，而部分职业病危害因素采用比值法得出的风险水平与指数法和综合法的结果不一致。与指数法和综合法比较，当周暴露浓度（E）/职业接触限值（OEL）<0.5或E/OEL≥2时，比值法得出的职业健康风险水平可能存在一定的波动。 结论： 半定量风险评估在职业健康风险评估的运用更客观、全面、灵活，能够辨别木质家具制造企业化学毒物职业健康风险水平。.